How do the properties of artificial leather change in high or low temperature environments

Artificial leather is widely used in luggage due to its lightweight, durability, and ease of maintenance. However, exposure to high or low temperatures can cause a range of changes in artificial leather properties, directly affecting the luggage’s lifespan and user experience. Understanding these characteristics helps consumers make informed choices and provides manufacturers with insights for design optimization.

Performance under High Temperature

High temperatures primarily affect the chemical structure and physical properties of artificial leather. Common materials such as PU, PVC, and TPU may soften, deform, or experience changes in surface gloss when exposed to elevated temperatures. When temperatures exceed 60°C, PU leather surfaces may become slightly sticky and softer, reducing load-bearing capacity. Prolonged exposure to high heat can also cause micro-cracks on the surface. PVC leather may expand, decrease in hardness, and experience reduced adhesive strength at seams, potentially compromising overall durability.

High temperature can also accelerate the aging of surface coatings, causing color fading or yellowing. Dark-colored PU leather is particularly susceptible to oxidation, leading to cracks and affecting aesthetics. In addition, elevated temperatures may increase the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from artificial leather, creating odors and raising environmental and health concerns.

Performance under Low Temperature

Low temperatures mainly affect flexibility and toughness. PU and PVC leather can become stiffer and less elastic below 0°C, making them more prone to creasing or cracking. Extended exposure to cold may lead to material thickening, loss of softness, and reduced impact resistance.

Cold conditions can also weaken adhesive properties. Seams and glued areas in luggage may partially separate, reducing structural integrity. Friction changes in low temperatures may increase surface scratches, especially during handling, stacking, or transport.

Impact of Temperature Cycling

Repeated exposure to alternating high and low temperatures can cause more significant damage. Thermal expansion and contraction generate internal stress, leading to surface cracking, deformation, and adhesive layer failure. Luggage used in environments with frequent temperature changes benefits from high-temperature-resistant leather or protective surface coatings to extend its lifespan.

Temperature cycling can also affect colorfastness and tactile quality. Repeated expansion and contraction may cause uneven dye migration, resulting in color inconsistencies and a harder or sticky surface, reducing overall user experience and aesthetic appeal.

Temperature Resistance of Different Artificial Leather Types

PU leather is suitable for moderate temperatures, offering good wear resistance but softening at high temperatures and becoming brittle in cold conditions. PVC leather has slightly better heat resistance but poor flexibility in cold environments, making cracks more likely. TPU leather offers superior flexibility and thermal stability, adapting better to both high and low temperatures, though it comes at a higher cost. Selecting the right material should consider the intended use and transportation environment.

Usage Recommendations and Protection Measures

In high-temperature environments, avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight or hot vehicle interiors. Use sunshades or insulating covers to protect luggage. In low-temperature conditions, avoid folding, heavy pressing, or sudden impacts to prevent cracking. For frequent temperature cycling, choose artificial leather with high thermal tolerance and apply regular surface care to prolong luggage durability.